How Mastodon renders a link
Mastodon expands a wide preview image above the text. Under it, the card shows the provider or hostname, a bold title, and one clipped description line. Images wider than they are tall use the expanded layout; small or square images, or a page with no og:image, get a compact row instead. Mastodon never falls back to twitter:image, and without og:site_name it prints the full hostname, www included.
Use a 1.91:1 image such as 1200×630 and keep essential text away from the edges. Mastodon instances cache preview cards, so an old share may keep the earlier image after you update the page.