How Google Chat renders a link
Google Chat unfurls a shared link into a small card under the message: a bold og:title, one line of muted og:description with the bare domain, and a thumbnail cropped from og:image on the right. The card sits on a light surface with a subtle border and rounded corners, so it reads as an attachment to the message rather than a post of its own.
The fetcher reads the standard Open Graph tags from the initial HTML response. Because the thumbnail is small and the description is a single line, a clear title and an image that still reads when cropped do the most work.